ABSTRACT
AIM:To explore the effect of HbA1c level in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the rheological properties of erythrocytes and the structure of hemoglobin (Hb).METHODS:The patients with T2DM were classified into 3 groups:the patients with good glycaemic control (group A, HbA1c<7.0%), the patients with poor glycaemic control (group B, 7.0%≤HbA1c<9.0%) and the patients with persistent hyperglycemia (group C, HbA1c≥9.0%) .The rheological properties of a single living erythrocyte were analyzed by the techniques of static imaging and anal -ysis.Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to study the structure of Hb .RESULTS: Compared with group H , the roundness effect factor (REF) of erythrocytes, which was positively related with HbA1c level, was significantly increased in groups A, B and C (P<0.05).The contact area of erythrocytes in group B and all the morphological parameters of erythrocytes in group C were significantly higher than those in group H ( P <0.05 ) .There were significant differences among groups A , B and C in deformation capacity and elastic parameters of the cell membrane ( P<0.05 ) , but with no difference in the long axis and short axis between group A and group B .Compared with group H , no obvious change in the spectral pattern and spectrum peak of Hb in groups A , B and C was observed.However, the absorbance of Hb, which showed a trend of gradual decline with the increase in HbA 1c level, in group B and group C was significantly decreased as compared with group H (P<0.01), and the Hb absorbance in group C were also lower than that in group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:With the increase in HbA1c level, the morphology along with the deformation function of erythrocytes in T2DM changes and declines gradually , and the structure of Hb may also change .
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In the process of limb allograft, apoptosis of target cell is one of the main mechanisms of dysfunction of allograft, which might lead to the failure of allotransplantation. It is assumed that immunosuppressant may relate with cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of FK506 on Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA expressions and cell apoptosis in rat limb allograft. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal trial was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of First Hospital of Harbin Medical University from June 2005 to November 2006. MATERIALS: Fifty-six clean-grade healthy male SD recipient rats and 56 Wistar donor rats were selected. FK506 was product of Fujisawa, Japan (No. 100143G). METHODS: Right hind limb was separated from the upper segment of thigh of SD rat (donor), and washed using heparin saline. The recipient rates underwent limb allotransplantation from allogenetic Wistar to establish injury model. The recipients were randomly divided into two groups (n=28): immunosuppressant group was injected with FK506 1 mg/kg per day, and the control group was not given any immunosuppressant. The right hind limb including skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles and femoral arteriolar-venular tissue mass were harvested on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bcl-2 Mrna and Bax mRNA expression were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cell apoptosis was detected using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling technique. RESULTS: Fifty-six model rats were included in final analysis. On the 3, 5, and 7 days after FK506 injection, Bcl-2 mRNA expression in immunosuppressant group was significantly higher than the control group (t=7.18-21.20, P